7,158 research outputs found
A WENO Algorithm of the Temperature and Ionization Profiles around a Point Source
We develop a numerical solver for radiative transfer problems based on the
weighted essentially nonoscillatory (WENO) scheme modified with anti-diffusive
flux corrections, in order to solve the temperature and ionization profiles
around a point source of photons in the reionization epoch. Algorithms for such
simulation must be able to handle the following two features: 1. the sharp
profiles of ionization and temperature at the ionizing front (I-front) and the
heating front (T-front), and 2. the fraction of neutral hydrogen within the
ionized sphere is extremely small due to the stiffness of the rate equations of
atom processes. The WENO scheme can properly handle these two features, as it
has been shown to have high order of accuracy and good convergence in capturing
discontinuities and complicated structures in fluid as well as to be
significantly superior over piecewise smooth solutions containing
discontinuities. With this algorithm, we show the time-dependence of the
preheated shell around a UV photon source. In the first stage the I-front and
T-front are coincident, and propagate with almost the speed of light. In later
stage, when the frequency spectrum of UV photons is hardened, the speeds of
propagation of the ionizing and heating fronts are both significantly less than
the speed of light, and the heating front is always beyond the ionizing front.
In the spherical shell between the I- and T-fronts, the IGM is heated, while
atoms keep almost neutral. The time scale of the preheated shell evolution is
dependent on the intensity of the photon source. We also find that the details
of the pre-heated shell and the distribution of neutral hydrogen remained in
the ionized sphere are actually sensitive to the parameters used. The WENO
algorithm can provide stable and robust solutions to study these details.Comment: 24 pages, 7 figures, accepted in New Astronom
Quantum phase transitions in a generalized compass chain with three-site interactions
We consider a class of one-dimensional compass models with XYZYZX-type of
three-site exchange interaction in an external magnetic field. We present the
exact solution derived by means of Jordan-Wigner transformation, and study the
excitation gap, spin correlations, and establish the phase diagram. Besides the
canted antiferromagnetic and polarized phases, the three-site interactions
induce two distinct chiral phases, corresponding to gapless spinless-fermion
systems having two or four Fermi points. We find that the component of
scalar chirality operator can act as an order parameter for these chiral
phases. We also find that the thermodynamic quantities including the Wilson
ratio can characterize the liquid phases. Finally, a nontrivial magnetoelectric
effect is explored, and we show that the polarization can be manipulated by the
magnetic field in the absence of electric field.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figure
Semileptonic Meson Decays Into A Highly Excited Charmed Meson Doublet
We study the heavy quark effective theory prediction for semileptonic
decays into an orbital excited -wave charmed doublet, the (, )
states (, ), at the leading order of heavy quark expansion.
The corresponding universal form factor is estimated by using the QCD sum rule
method. The decay rates we predict are and . The branching ratios are
and
, respectively.Comment: 6 pages,2 figure
An open reading frame upstream from the nifH gene of Klebsiella pneumoniae
An open reading frame upstream from nifHDK operon of Klebsiella pneumoniae had been described. The orientation of this open reading frame is opposite to that of nifHDK and sequence homology was found between the open reading frame promoter and the promoter of nifHDK operon. A recombinant plasmid carrying the promoter region of the open reading frame fused to the beta-galactosidase gene was constructed. Strains of E.coli were transformed with the plasmid containing this open reading frame promoter-lacZ fusion or co-transformed with it and a plasmid carrying the nifA gene. An appreciable activity of beta-galactosidase was found in strains which received both plasmids, indicating that the promoter of the open reading frame can be activated by the product of nifA gene. Thus, the open reading frame found between nifHDK operon and nifJ behaves just like other nif genes of K.pneumoniae in requiring the product of nifA as the positive effector for expression
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